Violence Against Women Act (VAWA)
VAWA (2013) as a 15-member negotiated rule making panel has improved the criminal justice response to violence against women by:
• Holding offenders accountable for their crimes by strengthening federal penalties for repeat offenders and creating a federal “offense shield law, ” which is intended to prevent offenders from using victims’ past sexual conduct against them during a trial.
• Mandating that victims, no matter their income levels, are not forced to bear the expense of their own exams or for service of a protection order.
• Keeping victims safe by requiring that a victim’s protection order will be recognized and enforced in all states, tribal, and territorial jurisdictions within the United States.
• Increasing rates of prosecution, conviction, and sentencing of offenders by helping communities develop dedicated law enforcement and prosecution units and the preservation of domestic violence dockets.
• Ensuring that police respond to crisis calls and judges understand the realities of domestic and sexual violence by training law enforcement officers, prosecutors, victim advocates and judges; VAWA funds train over 500,000 law enforcement officers, prosecutors, judges, and other personnel every year.
• Providing additional tools for protecting women in Indian country by creating a new federal habitual offender crime and authorizing warrantless arrest authority for federal law enforcement officers who determine there is probable cause when responding to domestic violence cases.
Title IX Protection
The U.S. Department of Education’s Office for Civil Right (OCR) enforces, among other statutes, Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972. Title IX protects people from discrimination based on sex in education programs or any activity that receive Federal financial assistance.
The Office of Civil Rights evaluates, investigates, and resolves complaints alleging sex discrimination. OCR also conducts proactive investigations, called compliance reviews, to examine potential systemic violations based on sources of information other than complaints.